International Business & TradeGlobalization - and International Compet

Question: Portray about the International Business Trade of Globalization, and International Competitiveness. Answer: Worldwide business exchange comprises of the exchanges including private and government between the various nations. Privately owned businesses enter the universal business so as to grow their business to build the net revenue of the organization. The purpose behind the administration to do worldwide business is to gain benefit however for the most part for the political reasons and to keep up relationship with the remote nations. Global business incorporates all the business exercises, which are done outside the nation. The exchanges may remember exchanging for the type of wares, administrations and assets between at least two nations. The exchanging of assets involves capital, occupants and abilities that are required for worldwide creation of products and administrations (McDonald, n.d.). Globalization has risen as an unequivocal factor as of late. Globalization alludes to the technique for cooperation and fuse of individuals and organizations of various nations. Globalization is roused by universal and remote speculations (Peng, 2014). For what reason do a few businesses become worldwide while others stay neighborhood or local? There might be different explanations behind certain enterprises to go worldwide and go into the universal markets. The organizations working inside the enterprises may enter the universal market so as to expand the business, benefits and to improve development (Biggs, 2013). The key target of the ventures to go worldwide is to expand their development. The way toward growing the market all together addition worldwide customers is known as the monetary globalization (Unitarian Universalist Association, 2016). One reason for ventures to become worldwide is to build the size of the deals. The organizations inside an industry that have just done a decent business in the household advertise for the most part need to grow their tasks to expand the deals and to gain benefit. The passage into the remote markets can possibly increase new and steadfast clients, which will help the organizations in any industry to settle in the worldwide markets. With the passage into the worldwide market the organizations inside any enterprises can likewise utilize the new advancements, which can encourage to build the creation (Dahlman, 2007). A few ventures stay residential as they by and large are battling in the household advertise or the enterprises might be doing admirably in the neighborhood showcase and doesn't have to grow their business at a worldwide stage. The other explanation behind certain businesses not to go worldwide is that the size of the organizations inside that industry might be little and t hey may have inadequate assets to go into the remote markets. Another explanation can be the money related states of the organizations as the costs for statistical surveying might be excessively costly (Peng, 2014). What is the effect of the web on worldwide business? In todays world, the web noteworthily affects the business. The web has rebuilt the worldwide market for the merchants with respect to both interest and gracefully. With the utilization of the web, the advertisers can access through a solitary correspondence channel everywhere throughout the world. With the utilization of the web, the organizations are thinking that its simpler to engage in the remote markets and promote the items at a worldwide scale. The organizations with the utilization of the web can help the business, consequently can bring down the expenses. Little scope enterprises are likewise going into the worldwide business with the utilization of the web. The development of electronic trade has given little organizations the chance to grow and contend in the global markets. Because of the innovative headway, an organization doesn't need to utilize any customary strategy to passage into remote markets. One reason behind the fast development of the worldwide exchange is th e progression of the web (Griffin Pustay, 2007). The web has transformed into a significant piece of a business. The nearness of the clients online is more than the conventional physical stores. Organizations utilize the web as it is less expensive when contrasted with promoting done through print media (Meltzer, 2014). Which organizations and which nations will pick up as the web use increments all through the world? Which will lose? The web has had a significant effect on the development of little organizations of the creating nations as the organizations are rivaling the enormous organizations in the universal markets. The web has made it feasible for the private companies to contend at a worldwide stage. Private ventures can just get by in the universal by drawing in the clients. The created nations may have less advantages or may miss out partly when contrasted with the private ventures. This is on the grounds that, with the utilization of the web so as to use the advantages got from ease, various organizations are looking towards creating countries to get their essentials by redistributing (Jagongo Kinyua, 2013). Does your school or college have any universal projects? Does this make the organization a universal business? Why or why not? The school is having programs identified with the global business and promoting, which makes it as a foundation for learning universal business exercises. The school offers the understudies to create business aptitudes. The school with the assistance of business programs permits the understudies to create authority abilities in the business exercises. The school likewise offers an open door for the understudies intrigued to be in the field of advertising to learn new points of view. Worldwide projects will assist the understudies with building hierarchical authority, individuals the board, bookkeeping, fund, advertising, data innovation and vital administration. The projects set up the understudies to work anyplace on the planet by giving the understudies a thought regarding the worldwide business rules and practices. With the assistance of worldwide projects, the school presents the understudies with the idea of universal promoting and the worldwide variables affecting the brokers j ust as shows the procedures to go into the global markets. What are a portion of the distinctions in ability that may exist between chiefs in a local firm and those in a worldwide firm? Based on Conference Board research report 2008, the level of the supervisors that consented to the distinction in the administration among household and global firms was 73%. The difficulties looked by the global chiefs are of dealing with a different gathering of laborers and business exercises. The administrator of the inside firms changes with new societies and business stressors (SHRM, 2016). The directors of the worldwide firm need to work with laborers from different nations though the chief of the residential organization needs to impart just to the nearby individuals. If there should be an occurrence of the worldwide organization, the administrator needs to interface with the outside customers when contrasted with the household director who just needs to care for the local customers. The job of the worldwide chief is to spur and direct all the representatives from various nations while the household administrator essentially needs to just deal with the workers of the nation o f origin. Chief of the global firm needs to oversee abroad providers and sellers. If there should be an occurrence of the residential market, the director cares for all the provisions from the neighborhood providers (Rothstein Burke, 2010). Subsequently, the variety is abilities lies in dealing with a more extensive degree of workers and customers for a global companys supervisor. They in this manner require improved correspondence, individuals the board, arrangement, alongside the expertise to comprehend various traditions. OK need to work for a remote claimed firm? Why or why not? Indeed, I accomplish need to work for a remote claimed organization. Working in a universal organization will assist me with learning alternate points of view. It will assist me with meeting individuals with specialized and administrative abilities, which will additionally empower me to develop and gain from the supervisors alongside individual partners from various nations. Working with worldwide chiefs and representatives will assist me with understanding the exercises that are engaged with the universal business. Working in the organization would likewise make me to learn various societies and customs. The other motivation behind why I need to work in a remote claimed organization is the worldwide organizations are continually searching for development. The worldwide organizations are commonly additionally mechanically progressed contrasted with the residential firms. In a worldwide organization, I would get the opportunity to interface with the remote customers. The learning of t he business exercises with the specialists will improve my aptitudes, consequently increasing my business critical thinking abilities by a significant degree. References Biggs, R. P. (2013). 10 motivations to go global. Recovered July 28, 2016, from https://choosewashingtonstate.com/wp-content/transfers/2013/06/10_Reasons_to_go_International.pdf Dahlman, C. (2007). Innovation, globalization, and universal intensity: Challenges for creating countries.ASDF, 29. Griffin, R. W. Pustay, M. W. (2007). A diagram of global market. Global Business: A Managerial Perspective, 1-23. Jagongo, A. Kinyuna, C. (2013). The web based life and business development. Worldwide Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(10), 213-227. McDonald, B. (n.d.). Universal exchange: Commerce among countries. Recovered July 28, 2016, from https://www.imf.org/outside/bars/ft/fandd/fundamentals/trade.htm Meltzer, J. (2014). Supporting the web as a stage for universal exchange. Recovered July 28, 2016, from https://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2014/02/web worldwide exchange meltzer Peng, M. W. (2014). Worldwide business. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. Rothstein, M. G. Burke, R.

Epicurus and Marxs View on Meaningful life Essay -- alienation theory

In Marx’s hypothesis of â€Å"alienation† it features on his investigation of estranged work did by political economy, and considers laborer to be a wretchedness apparatus for ware creation .This paper will look at the differentiating point of view given by Marx and Epicurus for a decent and significant life, and will recommend that Marx’s see is more powerful than Epicurus, specifically in light of the fact that Marx’s idea identifies with our contemporary social marvels which are considerably more indistinguishable in what we are encountering today. In fact, this paper will accentuate two contentions which particularly are distinctive among Marx and Epicurus’ see on life. To start with, Marx’s sees the purpose of life has integrated with certain sorts of movement like work and materialistic thought, where Epicurus centers around one’s experience, for example, joy, consideration and companionship. Besides, Marx doesn't consider shrewd ness is significant, where Epicurus thinks intelligence is a key to accomplish satisfaction throughout everyday life. Marx’s perspective on estrangement is a reaction to political economy and free enterprise, and which has built up a significant connection among human, creation, and reality with human instinct. He sees laborers pick work to look after life; work is certainly not a willful thing. Individuals make items that don't have a place with them, and they work to fulfill the other’s need (eg. plant proprietors), not their own, and were viewed as â€Å"forced labor†. Accordingly, it might be said work turns into a way people separate from their human instinct. (p. 51,52) The demonstration of creation in a way distances laborers from their exercises. Laborers are distanced from the article they were delivered, the greater efficiency a specialist accomplishes the more the individual in question loses the idea of people. Since the item isn't the formation of their own, laborers bec... ...intain our fundamental expectations for everyday comforts. I feel like we live the distanced social structure like Marx depicts. Business paid representatives with rate in hours, working calendars; we have cutoff times, and work destinations. However, we despite everything invest the greater part of our energy at work and produce items or offer types of assistance which are not having a place with us. Works Cited Epicurus (1), Letter to Menoeceus in Jackman (ed), Phil 1100: The significance of Life, Course Kit, York University 2013, pp. 25-26. Epicurus (2), Standard Doctrines in Jackman (ed), Phil 1100: The importance of Life, Course Kit, York University 2013, pp. 27-29. Jackman, H. 2013 (1). Karl Marx, Lecture Notes, York University, 2013. Jackman. H. 2013 (2). â€Å"Epicurus†. Talk Notes. York Univeristy. 2013 Marx, Alienated Labor. (1844). In Jackman (ed), Phil 1100: The significance of Life, Course Kit, York University 2013, pp. 51-54

A slightly snarkier guide to visitors

A slightly snarkier guide to visitors Since its summer tour season and my path to work keeps getting interrupted by herdlike groups of tourists each morning, I thought it would be a nice time to talk about MITs campus organization. My goal is to teach you enough of the basics that you dont look like a total tourist when you visit. All in good fun, of course. :) Step one of the dont look like a tourist guide is not to stand around like a moo cow in front of 77 Mass Ave. It may be the summer, but we students have places to be and things to discover, so kindly refrain from clogging up our path! Step two: This is our campus. You may notice that the buildings on this map have numbers on them. This is not an accident, nor is it just convenient map shorthand. We actually call buildings by their numbers here, and refer to rooms within buildings by their numbers. Its kind of bewildering at the outset, but it makes tons of sense once you understand the system. The room numbers make the most immediate sense, so Ill start there. At MIT, we refer to rooms in a format like this: 10-100 (the Admissions Reception Center). This means that the room is in building 10, on the first floor, room 00. The Admissions Office is in 3-108, which is in building 3, on the first floor, room 08. Main campus is considered to be the irregular pentagon of land bordered by Ames Street on the east, Memorial Drive on the south, Massachusetts Avenue (Mass Ave to the natives) on the west, the railroad tracks on the northwest, and Main Street on the northeast. Buildings outside this pentagon have a letter in front of their building number the medical building is E25, the student center is W20. Buildings on main campus are numbered in a more or less logical system. Generally speaking, numbers are odd on the west side of building 10 and even on the east side of building 10. Numbers are small near the river and get larger as one heads north. There are some oddities, but thats a good general rule. Step three: Start with the Infinite. The Infinite Corridor is the hallway which passes through several of MITs main academic buildings. Its a great thing for lost visitors in the summer and frozen students in the winter once you get to the Infinite in the winter, you very rarely have to go outside again until you need to go home. Most of the time, Bostons weather is lovely and/or tolerable, but there are certain days in January when the connectedness of the Infinite just seems like a gift from the god of poor frozen college kids. The main part of the Infinite runs from building 7 through buildings 3, 10, and 4 to building 8. At this point, you can take a jag left, then right, and find yourself walking through buildings 16, 56, and 66; this route isnt really considered the Infinite, but is still a long straight line of interconnected buildings with helpful signs. Step four: Know the natives, and dont be a shallow jerk. I heard a visitor say once that the people at MIT looked unhappy and busy, which struck me as a) infuriating, and b) as a ridiculous generalization. See, when you visit, there will be a lot of people roaming MITs campus. MIT is kind of a miniature city there are about 4000 undergrads (only about a third to a half of whom are here for the summer, mostly doing research or interning at Boston companies), about 6000 grad students, about about 10000 faculty and staff members. Most of the people that you see in the halls arent undergrads, so dont base your perceptions of MIT on the people you see in the halls base them on the people that you meet. If you see somebody who looks like an undergrad, stop him or her and ask a few questions about MIT life. If he or she is an undergrad, Im sure s/hell be happy to oblige. Part two of not being a shallow jerk is to realize that the campus architecture will (really) have zero impact on your happiness as a student. MITs campus is in the middle of the city, and a lot of it is made out of concrete. This does not mean you cant find secluded green spots where you can sit and enjoy life. You shouldnt be picking your school based on something as silly as architecture. Program quality, yes. Personality of the student body, yes. Weather, if youre a wuss. But campus architecture? Weird. Step five: Putting it all together. So when you visit, youre going to get out of my way when Im heading to the lab, know the numbering system, start with the Infinite Corridor, know whos an undergrad and whos a bitter grad student, and take in the sights without being shallow. Yay!

John Is The Twelfth Of The Gospels - 851 Words

The book of John is the 4th of the gospels. It follows the first three pretty well but also differs from them in many ways. It was said to be written by John but they also say that John was never truly mentioned as the author and that he constantly refers to himself as the â€Å"disciple whom Jesus loved†. A lot of scholars say that there were multiple authors to this book and there are even scholars who think that because he never refers to himself as John, that it was never written by him at all. This book was written around AD 90-710. The biggest debate over the authorship of this book is due to the fact that the book of John is very slandering towards the Jewish community. It focuses a lot on how much the God disliked the Jews and how they were constant opponents to Jesus. Scholars have even gone as far to say that John was anti-Semitic and have tried to have the book removed because of its hateful tone. For example, in chapter 8 it states the Jews father is Satan. However , a lot of people will go on to say that this is just a literary example of the constant conflict the Christian church had with the Jewish community. With all that being said there are plenty of people that think this gospel is the best because John spent the most time with Christ and went on to write other books such as Revelation. The book though was indeed included for a number of reasons. It is a very important book to the gospels. Not only is the author said to be one of the apostles of Christ but isShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Pursuit Of God By James L. Snyder923 Words   |  4 Pages The book of John is known for representing the best of the â€Å"mystical† thinkers. Tozer peached several sermons on the gospel of John weekly continually ministering to those who are lost. The John’s Gospel captured his heart and imagination, and he refuse to turn away from the word of God. In the book, And He Dwelt Among Us: Teachings from the Gospel of John, it is compiled and edited by James L. Snyder, but not written by Tozer. Snyder`s purpose for compiling and editing the works of Trozer wasRead MoreLife And Death Of Jesus Christ1192 Words   |  5 Pagesno name town. The Gospels, which are our main source for the life and death of Jesus Christ, give supporting evidence which prove that Christ not only claimed to be Divine, but showed He was. To ascertain whether or not Christ ever claimed to be Divine, we must first take an in-depth look of His life, as written in the Gospels. â€Å"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God† John 1:1. In the very first line of his very first passage, St. John has already immediatelyRead MoreThe Book of Acts was written to provide a history of the early church. Acts emphasis the importance700 Words   |  3 PagesHoly Spirit, which empowers, guides, teaches, and serves as our Counselor. When reading the Book of Acts many of the readers will be enlightened and encouraged by the many miracles that were being performed during this time by the disciples Peter, John, and Paul. The Book of Acts emphasizes the importance of obedience to God’s Word and the transformation that occurs as a result of knowing Christ. There are also many references to those that rejected the truth that the disciples preached about inRead MoreThe Gospel of John Essays582 Words   |  3 PagesJohn as we know today was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. He was also the brother of James, who was also an apostle. John was the son of Zeebee and of Salome. His father was a fisherman while living in Bethsaida in Galilee on the border of the lake Gennesareth. Johns mother was one of many women who gave to the maintenance of Jesus Christ. Johns parents were very good people, they loved God and his son. It is said that john and his brother James were fishing when Jesus came and choseRead MoreHow Jesus Was Conceived By The Holy Spirit, And Born Of A Virgin932 Words   |  4 Pagespart of the life of Jesus which is what the entire text discusses. In chapter six, Stein begins by stating that we have little to no information about the life of Jesus between his twelfth year and his baptism (p. 90). He then goes on to explain who John the Baptist is and how he came about (p. 91). He discusses who John the Baptist was believed to be and how he was different from most religious leaders and people in general at that time (p. 92). Stein discusses how John’s baptizing was different fromRead MoreThe Woman Caught Of Adultury : A Truth Or A Tale2535 Words   |  11 Pages__________________ by Gary Goggans October 25, 2014 â€Æ' THE WOMAN CAUGHT IN ADULTURY: A TRUTH OR A TALE Between the seventh and eight chapters of John’s Gospel, there is a story of an adulterous woman. This passage is located at John 7:53 – 8:11 and is known as the Pericope Adulterae. This paper attempts to address the question of whether or not John 7:53 – 8:11 is an inspired passage of the bible. In order to accomplish this goal, both external and internal evidence against and for this passage willRead MoreThe Ministry Of Jesus Changed Society, Religion, And The World Forever Essay2170 Words   |  9 Pagesteachings, preachings, and instructions of Jesus thanks to some of these men. Amongst them, John, a disciple of Jesus who is assumed to be the author of one of the four Gospels. Many Bible scholars and Christians conceive John as the gospel of love; moreover, he specifically exemplifies in the passage of the true vine (John 15: 1-17) the love between the Father and Jesus and Jesus and believers. In John 15:1 Jesus depicts himself as the true vine, the Father as the vinedresser, and Christians asRead MoreTypography And The Printing Press1438 Words   |  6 Pages(Siebert). Per John Siebert, before the invention of the printing press which revolutionized the practice of typography, the alphabets, and phonographic writing, these ancient forms of writing were used by civilizations to express their ideas. The very first recorded examples of written communication were the ancient cave paintings dating back around 20,000 years; however, the first forms of formal writing were invented by the Sumerians around 3500 B.C (Siebert). According to John Siebert, ancientRead MoreNotes On The Day Of Sorrows1445 Words   |  6 Pagesscared them but they forgave him anyways. Mary Meets Jesus on way to Calvary (Luke 23:27-31) Jesus tells women not to worry about him, but to be happy. Crucifixion and Death (John 19:31-37) Jesus told his disciple to take care of Mary, showing that he still worried about her more than himself. Jesus is taken off the Cross (John 19:31-37) Jesus is pierced with a spear and blood and water flow out of him. Burial of Jesus (Luke 23:50-56) Jesus’s kindness pays off when his disciples bury him. Notes 4Read MoreThe Gospel of John Essay5342 Words   |  22 PagesThe Gospel of John The genius of the Apostle John resides in his ability to penetrate to the theological foundations that undergird the events of Jesus life. He reaches to the deeper baptism and the calling of the Twelve are doubtless presupposed, they are not actually described. Even themes central to the Synoptics have almost disappeared: in particular, the kingdom of God or the kingdom of heaven, so much a part of the preaching of Jesus in the Synoptic Gospels and the central theme of

Addiction Decision Or Disease Essay - 2021 Words

Addiction: Decision or Disease According to The National Institute on Drug Abuse, â€Å"addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her† (Drug Facts, 2012). Codependency disorder and drug addiction often go hand in hand; they feed into each other’s obsessions and unhealthy behaviors. The brains of those afflicted exhibit similar flaws within the prefrontal cortices. There has been speculation as to whether or not addiction is a disease due to the addicts’ initial decision to abuse the substance. This paper aims to explore the inner workings of a drug addict’s brain in terms of disease analysis and the similarities with codependency disorder. This paper will examine, in detail, the structural effects of addiction. Addiction as a whole is an epidemic which has grown rapidly in recent years, 23.5 million Americans are addicted to alcohol and drugs (HBO, USA Today, The Gallup Poll, 2006). Approximately 46 Americans died per day in 2010 from drug overdoses (Jones, 2013). Addiction in its many forms is a habitual and debilitating disease which affects not only the addict but the loved ones around them. There is no solid answer as to why an addict is an addict nor pertaining to the selection of who becomes addicted and who does not, however, scientists are making profound advancements. The vast majority of medical practitioners acknowledge thatShow MoreRelatedThe Perception Of Drug Addiction Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There is a wide-range reaction about drug addiction today in society. Illicit drug use continues to be a major social issue all over the world. Drug addiction defines a â€Å"chronic, relapsing brain disorder that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences† (Kuhar, 2010:453 ). Research has shown that decades have passed since the clinical population has accepted addiction as a disease instead of a series of bad choices. Nevertheless, specific group affiliationRead MoreIs Drug Addiction A Choice Or Disease?1480 Words   |  6 Pages Is Drug Addiction a Choice or Disease? Should the cause of addiction rely on people s actions? These days, drugs can be found everywhere, and it may seem like everyone s doing them. Lots of people are tempted by the excitement or escape that drugs seem to offer. But learning the facts about drugs can help one see the risks of chasing this excitement or escape. Several people argue whether drug addiction is a disease or a choice. Discussing this argument in hopes to have a better understandingRead MoreDrug Addiction777 Words   |  4 Pages Is drug addiction a choice or a disease? This polemical topic has been in the media for many years and has provoked many debates to ascertain the whole thing. Many researchers have concluded being a drug addict is a disease that is only cured by â€Å"feeding the habit†. Conversely, there are researchers who assert that drug addiction is just a choice. Having thoroughly taken into consideration both sides of the arguments and doing my own research, my stand remains that being a drug addict is undisputedlyRead MoreAddiction: a Three Part Disease1072 Words   |  5 PagesA. English 1301-Composition M-W 1:30 pm – 2:50 pm Ricardo Ballinas Addiction: A Three Part Disease October 1st, 2012 Sue Wright Addiction: A Three Part Disease Addiction can be separated into three categories: mind (neurological), body (physical), and spirit (psychological). Within in this breakdown addiction can possibly be explained and properly understood. In order to better understand addiction as a disease as opposed to a moral dilemma it first must be broken down. First you mustRead MoreDrug Addiction1473 Words   |  6 PagesIs drug addiction is a disease, not a choice? Or it is a choice and not a disease? Drug Addiction has become a serious issue in society today, with an increase in controversy leading towards the topic of whether drug addiction is a disease or a choice. Addiction and disease are two different things and understanding them is very important when it comes to drugs and how it affects the mind and body. Several people tend to jump the gun and think that drug addiction is a disease, when in fact it isRead MoreIs Addiction A Brain Disease?1680 Words   |  7 Pages Cognitive Addiction Addiction is a Brain Associated Disorder that Allows the Body to Become Dependent on a Substance Oliver Sutton General Psychology 150-101 Professor Shawn Matthews 30 September 2014 Oliver Sutton Professor Shawn Matthews General Psychology 150-101 30 September 2014 Is addiction a brain disease? The definition of disease is a disorder in an organism that produces specific signs/symptoms that affects a specific location and isn’t a direct result of any kind ofRead MoreAddiction: Is it a Disease or a Choice? Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction: is it a disease or a choice? A disease can be described as â€Å"a disorder of structure or function that produces specific signs or symptoms, or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of a physical injury.† Knowing this, one can believe addiction is a disease. It is something that is done frequently, that usually does not end, just as a disease; it cannot cease on its own, because it requires some form of treatment. The big question regarding addiction is why peopleRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Abuse1525 Words   |  7 Pagesto stop the spread of disease among addicts. Every day thousands of addicts are sharing needles because they have no other option, they simply don t have the resources or the money to have their own personal needles. It might not be stopping the major problem of drug addiction but it will help to limit the number of deaths caused by sharing infected needles. Clean needle exchanges aim to eliminate diseases spread by giving addicts access to clean needles. Drug addiction dates back to the beginningRead MoreAddiction As A Medical Disease891 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction, defined as a chronic medical disease, has led to great furor in the scientific community.[1] Some argue that because epidemiologic data shows that most addicts quit, possibly when faced with social and financial consequences, addiction is based on decisions and thus, should be treated as a choice. Those in favor of the disease model remark that because experiments have correlatively shown that drugs can change the brain structurally and functionally, one should treat addiction as a medicalRead MoreAddiction as a Disease: Addiction is a term that has traditionally been used to refer to1400 Words   |  6 PagesAddiction as a Disease: Addiction is a term that has traditionally been used to refer to psychiatric syndrome that is caused by illicit drug use. Actually, addition is the only psychiatric condition whose symptoms are regarded as an illegal activity. In most cases, this term is described on the basis of drug use, which is the main focus of many research and treatment programs. Generally, drug addiction has significant negative effects on individuals using the drug and those around them such as

A Study of Development and Analysis of Plasma and Lcd Tv Industry Free Essays

(1) Title of the Research Work: â€Å"A STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF PLASMA AND LCD TV INDUSTRY AND IT’S IMPACT ON GENERAL CTV MARKET:- WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MUMBAI REGION† (2) Introduction: History and development of audiovisual medium: Perception is the frame of mind of a customer about a particular product or service which customer would like to avail. It is the way a customer look at anything. In short it is the process of perceiving about anything. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study of Development and Analysis of Plasma and Lcd Tv Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Customer perception about any product or service is an important parameter in the whole marketing scenario and global economy as well. It contributes to the social, cultural, environmental, political and economic growth of the nation. Post-war mass communication and media studies have had two periods of radical change, the late 1960s-early 1970s and the1980s, of which the former was characterized by the rise of Marxism and the latter by its decline. These transformations did not take place simultaneously in all countries, but as a generalization this seems to hold true. For instance, Frands Mortensen (1994) recalls the year 1977 as the turning point when critical vocabulary in his work began, for the time being at least, to fade out. Mortensen’s fate was shared by many of the turn-of-the-seventies generation throughout Europe, the soixante-huitards or ’68ers’ as the French call them. As a result, some avoided radical thought altogether, denouncing their Marxist past; others changed to postmodernism, while a few still adhered to the Marxist project by trying to reshape it. However, they all had to keep abreast of the new 1980s generation– a generation more in tune with economies of deregulation, individualist policies and cultural anti-modernism. The 20th century has witnessed at least three periods during which the nature and status of moving images have been at the centre of more or less comprehensive cultural-theoretical concerns: one in the 1920s with the stabilization of the feature film and film art; one in the 1950s and 1960s with the emergence of full-blown television; and one from the 1980s to the present with the transformation of television, combined with the introduction of video and computer- based media. One of the underlying assumptions during this 70-year-debate boils down to the idea that if there is one thing that characterizes 20th-century culture, at least its latter half, then it is audiovisuality. It is this view that unites 1920s avant-gardists and cineaste-critics (e. g. Balazs 1982), 1950s and 1960s filmologists in France and Italy (e. g. Cohen-Seat 1961)who receded but were, unfortunately, overshadowed by Marshall McLuhan, and the 1980s postmodernists (e. . Kroker Cook 1986). In the following discussion, I will, on the basis of this continuing debate, assume the centrality of image and sound media to our century. One of the key issues in audiovisual media theory, then, is concerned with accounting for this centrality of moving images in contemporary life. It is here, I argue, that the Frankfurt School may still prove helpful. In what sense is the 20th century the â€Å"age of the image† (Gance 1927) as well as that of the society of spectacle, entertainment and interaction? Or, how are the increasing audiovisual and aesthetic components of 20th century civilization interconnected? To answer these questions, media theory has to account for four major empirical phenomena and historical periods (for another synoptically view of the audiovisual 20th century, cf. Zielinski 1989): the birth and beginnings of film (The Age of Early Cinema, 1895-1915), the heyday of the standard feature film (The Age of the Classical Hollywood Film, 1920-1960), the replacement of cinema films by television as the major audiovisual medium (The Age of Paleo-television, 1960-1980) and the transformation of television in the new audiovisual landscape of, inter alia, video and multimedia (The Age of Neo-television, 1980-; the terms ‘paleo-’ and ‘neo-television’,coming from Umberto Eco, seem to have established themselves [cf. e. g. Casetti Odin 1990]). Because these are understandably highly complex and still insufficiently explored issues, let me just give a cursory idea of the explanatory potential of Critical media theory: I will elaborate on the argument that each change of period –from the early cinema to the Hollywood film, from the Hollywood film to paleo-television and from paleo- to neo-television –involves expansion and intensification of some aspects of the general aesthetisisation of the everyday world To simplify matters for this essay, I shall attribute one single explanatory aspect to each change. First, what distinguishes the classical film of the Hollywood type from early cinema is the standardization of three major attributes: the length, type and screening time of the film. As a result, going to the movies means going to see a fiction film at a scheduled time. What this amounts to is to make film-viewing akin to attending more traditional spectacles such as theare, opera or ballet. In other words, it intensifies the spectacularity of films, for from now on moving images are to be received with more sustained concentration. The symbol for this new relation is perhaps first of all the film star, who functions as the imagined object of identifications and projections inherent in one’s relation to the spectacle of films. Second, of the many differences between the cinema film and broadcast television, two are relevant in this context: moving images are privatized as they enter the home and their viewing becomes a daily pursuit. It is in this way that television, like the periodic press and broadcast radio before it, begins to bind the home incessantly to the outside world, which means a tremendous expansion of the interactive potential of moving images. What is new in these image-relations is perhaps captured best by the recurring, wave-like nature of such television programmes as news, fiction series or sport events; it is their ability a community or an audience out of them that crystallises their interactiveness. Third, the change from paleo- to neo-television mainly implies Americanisation, i. e. , commercialization in a multi-channel context, and seems to concern predominantly the development of European television. The struggle for maximising audiences forces channels to find ways both to attract viewers and to allure them to stay tuned. In this process, entertainment – fiction more probably than fact, exciting fact more probably than non-exciting – is likely to gain the upperhand. An application of Horkheimer and Adorno’s culture-industry theory to the Audiovisual 20th Century: the periods, the determinants of the changes of period and the corresponding paradigms crystallising the changes. 895-1915: The Age of Early Cinema : Spectacle: Film star : 1915-1960: The Age of the Classical Hollywood Film : Interaction: News, fiction series, sports event : 1960-1980: The Age of Paleo-television : Entertainment:TV commercial : 1980- : The Age of Neo-television Considering the commercial as the prototype of this trend, but it is such basic virtues of television commercials as non-seriousness (‘nothing really matters that much’) which in the Age of Neo-television tend to become universalised. Granting the centrality of audiovisual media in the 20th century and the heuristic contribution reading Dialectic of Enlightenment may make to our understanding of it, what other reasons could be offered after the adverse 1980s conditions in defence of the re-actualisation of the Frankfurt School in media and mass communication studies? To conclude, let me pursue two further arguments. First, dissatisfaction with French theorizing has for some time now made room for alternative strains of critical thought; this dissolution of the structuralist and post-structuralist dynasty (cf. Steinman1988 on its repercussions on US film and television studies) has benefitted, among others, American pragmatism (Rorty), Soviet semiotics (Bakhtin) and the Frankfurt School (Adorno). As a matter of fact, it has been argued (Hohendahl 1992) that since the 1980s Adorno has become more popular as a research subject than he ever was at the peak of the student movement. Second,if one is to believe the opinion of the majority to be gathered from a recent survey of the field (Levy Gurevitch 1993), the mass communication research community, especially its US quarters, have been seized by a sense of disorientation. The name of the malaise is marginalisation: media scholars feel as if they are out of touch with more established disciplines (what is more, this feeling is supported by prevailing citation patterns of the field; cf. So 1988). There is no panacea for the situation because the discipline is filled with contradictory pressures, but one could argue, like Graham Murdock (1991), that mass communication research should regain its contact with the general project of the human sciences, which is the historical study of modernity. It is especially here that the tradition of the Frankfurt School, as the ases of Jurgen Habermas and others exhibit, has not reached the end of its journey yet. It is in this sense that the intimate relationship between audiovisuality and what has been termed the â€Å"Short Twentieth Century† (Hobsbawm 1994) turns into one of the key avenues by which media studies can approach and contribute to the study of modernity and its contemporary vicissitudes. (3) In dian television industry The Indian Television industry is going through turbulent transformation. Companies are relooking at their strategies and are desperate for growth. The entrenched position of the Indian market leaders in CTVs’ like Videocon, BPL and Onida has been challenged by the MNCs such as LG, AIWA, Akai, Panasonic, Samsung, Sony, Philips and Sharp; some in a perceptible way and others threatening to do so. The changing environment demands fresh thinking to gain the cutting edge advantage. This study attempts to look at the various customer perception oriented factors operating in the PLASMA and LCD television industry irrespective of the brand of the television Indian or Imported. (4) New developments in CTV industry: An introduction of PLASMA and LCD television in the TV market: Technology may have blurred the differences, but television viewing is more than just about watching moving images. Once you’ve made the right choice, the picture is clearer. Choosing a television set can be quite a daunting task especially if the customer is looking for an LCD or plasma. Choices abound and there are some myths about the technologies, too. Unlike what many believe, there are major differences between the two types and you can’t substitute one type for the other merely on their looks. To be honest, there isn’t much of a hood to look under. But inside the sleek and thin exterior, plasma TVs employ a matrix of tiny plasma gas cells that are charged by precise electrical voltage to create a picture. In the case of LCD panels, liquid crystal display make up the screen. Imagine liquid crystal pressed between two glass plates to which varying electrical charge is applied to create an image. That’s an LCD television. Despite the advances made in LCD and plasma technology, however, there are experts and gamers (they really do use TVs a lot) maintain that CRT (cathode ray tube or our regular TV) still offers the best quality. Depending on customer’s budget and his requirements (maybe in that order of preference), the choice of an LCD or plasma TV will vary. One line of thinking insists that for basic home theatre requirements, plasma screens are slightly better since they can render black better than LCD TVs. This means that the contrast and, therefore , the level of detail on a plasma TV would be better. The reason LCDs cannot achieve as true a black as plasma TVs can has to do with the liquid that is backlit and does leak a little. Improvements are happening all the time and in due course, this should be rectified, but by then, plasma may have become the predominant choice. In addition to the above, one of the major factors in favour of plasma TVs is their better viewing angle. This allows viewers to sit at acute angles and still get a clear picture. But it’s not all bad for LCD TVs. One of the biggest advantages they have over plasma TVs is the price . But even technically, there are some advantages that an LCD TV offers. For instance, LCD TVs have higher native resolutions than plasma TVs of the same size. What this means is there are more pixels on the screen and if you are one of those who like to see every minute detail, an LCD may offer more. Of course, this also depends on the source and an ordinary cable TV connection won’t let you notice the difference. The one myth about LCD TVs that doesn’t hold true for new generation models is the ‘blur’ that was noted in fast scenes or when watching sports (more noticeable when watching a car race as opposed to cricket or snooker! ). This has improved significantly and the difference between a plasma and LCD in this regard is almost negligible. The running cost of a TV is something that many don’t consider. With increasing screen sizes, the power consumption will also increase and in this regard, LCD TVs outscore plasma TVs once again. LCD TVs are said to consume up to 30% less power than plasma TVs. An another downside that plasma TVs suffer from is the screen burn-in. For whatever reason (and we cannot really think of a reason good enough), you leave your TV on with a still image (say you paused a movie), there is a chance that the ghost of this image may get burned in permanently on the screen. Which means that even if you turn it off, a faded image of this will be visible. While newer generation Plasma TVs suffer less from this ailment, it hasn’t been entirely eradicated. And if you are wondering about TV channel logos, they are translucent and don’t leave the same sort of ghost behind! When you are looking at plasma or LCD TVs, you may come across a piece of information that says â€Å"60,000 hours† or some such number. This is the time for which your plasma TV will have optimum brightness after which it will start to fade off. In case of plasma TVs, the accepted duration ranges between 30,000 and 60,000 hours while in case of LCD TVs, it is virtually guaranteed for 60,000 hours. If you actually convert this to days, it works out to about 2,500 days or about six years of continuous viewing. * LCD TVs offer more pixels and so you can see more minute details * LCD TVs are said to consume up to 30% less power than plasmas * Plasma screens render black better than LCD TVs. The contrast and level of detail are therefore better * Plasmas offer better viewing angles. It allows you to get a clear picture even from acute angles. Hence after having the preliminary information we get convinced that, it is the customer’s perception which finally takes decision about the type of TV to be purchased. (LCD OR PLASMA TV) 5) Exact nature of the study: As because the differentiation from the customer’s point of view, is no more existed as far as the PLASMA AND LCD television field is concerned, the researcher is interested to find out the perception oriented competent parameters(dominant areas) which are driving the PLASMA AND LCD television market in Mumbai regio n. In doing so, the researcher will be surveying the customer, user and dealers (retailer) in Mumbai market to analyse the PLASMA and LCD television market. (6) Objectives of the study: a)To identify and analyse various factors influencing the purchase of TV set by the customer. )To differentiate the factors between PLASMA TV and LCD TV. c) To study the impact of new developments (PLASMA TV and LCD TV) on traditional CTV market in Mumbai region. d)To study the current scenario of various companies manufacturing and marketing PLASMA and LCD TV and normal CTV in India. e)To understand the customers’ preferences about the various parameters of PLASMA over LCD TV. IMPORTANCE AND NEED OF THE STUDY: A) Now a days the PLASMA and LCD TV manufacturing and marketing Companies are relooking for the best strategies and are desperate for growth. B) This study will provide the preference of the customer in the changing marketing environment. C) This study will provide the complete knowledge about the factors influencing customers’ preference to the CTV market. D) It will make the supplier alert about his own strengths and weaknesses and ultimately will give an insight to enhance his sales in the market. Also the supplier will be aware about favourable and unfavourable factors of the customer which influence on the profitability of the industry. E) It will be witnessing a new scenario with a new market profile. F) To the layman, however, it’s not the technology and how it works that matters but it’s the quality of the TV that he is worried about. Both LCD and PLASMA TVs offer excellent picture quality. But obviously both have their pros and cons. With this study the producer will get an opportunity to understand the same. Significance of CUSTOMER PERCEPTION in TV MEDIUM: 1)To offer better quality of service to the customer after knowing the perception about the product. 2) It would be more convenient to design better Marketing strategy. 3) Provide fast response to the customer (7) Research Methodology Research Design Research Methodology includes the type of primary and secondary research used for this project i. e. the way in which the data are collected for the research project. The methodology will also include the plan for sampling, the relevant field work and the analysis tools to be sued to interpret the data so collected. Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods; rather it refers to the rationale and the philosophical assumptions that underlie a particular study. This is why scholarly literature often includes a section on the methodology of the researchers. A Research Design provides the framework to be sued as a guide in collecting and analyzing data. Research can be Exploratory, Descriptive or of Casual type. Amongst this Descriptive Research Design has been chosen to carry out this project. Descriptive Research is carried out with definite objective(s) and hence it results in definite conclusion. This research tries to describe the opinion of the respondents on the selected topic of the project. Hypothesis: 1) Customer prefer LCD TV over PLASMA TV. 2) There is a significant impact of PLASMA and LCD TV on the sales of general CTV. Universe of the Study: The universe of the study is all customer, user, dealers(retailers) in the Mumbai region only. Sampling Plan : About 100 customers(mix of perspective customers and users) and around 50 retailers will be selected as a representative sample from all over Mumbai. As the study is limited to Mumbai city, all the samples will be randomly selected from Mumbai city only. Census is the process of obtaining response from / about each of the member of the population which is not always possible due to the various constraints to the researcher like time, cost etc. In such situations the alternate method of data collection is sampling. Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of randomized number of constituents of the population of the study and collecting data about their characteristics, facts and opinions. Sampling takes lesser time to collect data at lesser cost and also as the data is less its accuracy often increases as compared to huge data. Sampling methods can be classified into probability and non-probability sampling. In probability sampling each unit in the population has a probability of being selected as the unit of the sample which varies as per method of probability sampling is chosen. In non-probability sampling there may be instances that certain units of population will have zero probability of selection because the interviewer considered his / her own judgment, convenience and bias for the selection of the sample units of such sampling. Though the probability sampling gives better accuracy in terms of confidence level of the inferences of the study, there are many practical difficulties in fully executing it6. Further, the sample can also be stratified based on the various governing variables. Appropriate questionnaires will be structured and circulated amongst the sampling units. Sampling Tools The Primary Research shall be focused on Survey, Expert Consultations and Qualitative Research which will include in depth interviews, The specific tools will include. †¢ Questionnaire †¢ Personal Discussions / Interviews schedules. Data collection Data is the basic input to any decision making process in a research study; processing which gives the statistics of importance of the study which can be categorized in to primary and secondary data. A) Primary data: Primary data may be collected from customer, user, dealers (retailers) through schedules and questionnaires. B) Secondary data: Secondary data can be traced from office record, journals, annual reports and other office documents. Analysis Interpretation of Data: Statistics is the art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data7. The reason for analyzing data is to understand the variation and its causes in the phenomenon. Since variation is present in all the phenomena, knowledge of it leads to better decisions about a phenomenon that produces the data. It is from this perspective that the learning of statistics enables the decision maker to understand how to draw conclusions about the large population based upon information obtained from the sample. For the purpose of this research: the thought process that focuses on ways to discover, manage, and decrease the variation present in all phenomenon is statistical thinking; data is the collection of observations of variables of interest while the population is the collection of all elements of interest. This research study is focused on statistical theory in formulating and solving problems. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics methods will be used in the research; descriptive statistics will include graphic and numeric method both. Limitations of the study: a)The geographical location of the study is limited to Mumbai city only. b) Only the impact of PLASMA and LCD TV on general CTV market will be studied under the proposed research. c) Brand differentiation of all available TV sets in the market will not be considered. d) Technological aspects will not be covered in the study. e) The study is limited to the customers in the age group of 25 to 35yrs. 8) Plan of Work |SR. No. |Particulars of proposed research work |Duration (Months) | | | | | |1. |Collection of Primary Data. |4 | |2 |Collection of Secondary Data. |4 | |3 |Typing the Manuscript. |2 | |4 |Proof Reading. |2 | |5 |Development of Analysis Plan. |4 | |6 |Data Interpretation. 1 | |7 |Drawing Conclusion. |2 | |8 |Drawing Suggestions. |1 | |9 |Miscellaneous work. |4 | | | | | | |Total |24 | (9) Chapter Scheme Chapter 1: Introduction: History and development of audiovisual medium: This chapter deals with the historical development in the audiovisual medium and evolution in the field of TV industry. Chapter 2: Indian television industry This chapter covers the actual progress in the modern age in the field of television in India. Chapter 3: New developments in CTV industry: An introduction of PLASMA and LCD television in the TV market: In this chapter, specifically the advancements in TV industry in terms of PLASMA and LCD television and their pros and cons will be explain in detailed. Chapter 4: Exact nature of the study: Here, the emphasis will be given on the latest developments in the field of TV Industry (including PLASMA and LCD TV. Chapter 5: Objectives of the study: This chapter covers the basic objectives behind conducting the study. Chapter 6: Analysis and interpretation of Data: This chapter deals with analysis of data using suitable statistical tools and the presentation of the same. Chapter 7: Conclusion and recommendations: In this chapter the conclusion will be drawn on the basis of data analysis and the recommendations shall be presented. Bibliography: Appropriat e bibliography will be given at the end of the report for all secondary data in the theses. How to cite A Study of Development and Analysis of Plasma and Lcd Tv Industry, Papers

Society Comparison - Jane Eyre free essay sample

Authors are able to express their opinions and perspectives on society as a whole through their works, generally providing their own perspective and insight on society at the time. This might be indicative of perhaps the author’s own struggle with some aspects of the society, which subsequently reveals to the reader how the author resolves and overcomes this struggle. bioinformatics assignment help As a result, the reader is able to pick up upon whatever are issues raised, or criticisms that the author might have regarding society in that era, and at the same time is challenged to draw parallels between how the author portrays his/her own society, and the reader’s own perspective of contemporary society. This is evident in the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte where at many points within the novel, Bronte, through the character of Jane Eyre voices her then radical opinions on society common to that era, through which contemporary readers can then draw parallels to with aspects of their own society. We will write a custom essay sample on Society Comparison Jane Eyre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is rather obvious to the reader that Bronte, through the character of Jane Eyre, is somewhat critical of Victorian England’s strict social structure and hierarchy, a primary vehicle for delivering this criticism being Bronte’s exploration of Jane’s complicated social position as a Victorian governess. Jane is of ambiguous class standing, and as a result is a source of tension among the other characters around her. As a Victorian governess, who tutored children in not only social etiquette, but also in academics, it was a prerequisite that Jane possessed not only the ability to teach but also the ‘culture’ of the aristocracy. Yet, as a paid employee, Jane remains penniless and powerless, comparable in status to the other servants at Thornfield. Jane’s understanding of this double standard is further substantiated when she becomes aware of her feelings for Rochester, aware that she is his intellectual, but not his social equal. Even before the crisis surrounding Bertha Mason, Jane is hesitant to marry Rochester, not wanting to feel indebted to him for ‘condescending’ to marry her. Jane herself also speaks out against this perceived social injustice, berating Rochester in Chapter 23, ‘Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! – I have as much soul as you – and full as much heart! ’ Eyre’s distress, most apparent to the reader around Chapter 17 parallels Bronte’s own critique of the strict social hierarchy firmly established within Victorian society at the time. As time progressed, this so called ‘social injustice’ vividly etched within society was slowly eroded away, and the gap between social classes bridged. From this novel, readers can perhaps gain new insight into the social structure of the Victorian Era, and subsequently are able to see a rather stark contrast between the social norms of the Victorian Era, and those of our own society. We as part of a modern society take for granted the general equality among all members of society, and that the concept of equality is enforced by a government that serves to preserve the rights of its people. We as members of a contemporary society also seem to take for granted the absence of any great social divide between groups or races. However, that being said, a different kind of social divide arises, that of a financial nature. Instead of being born into a specific level of society, one’s position on the social pyramid is based primarily on the financial status of the individual, as opposed to the individual’s name or birthright being the deciding factor. As a result, from reading this novel, the reader is inevitably challenged to draw comparisons and make contrasts between the manner in which society is portrayed in the novel Jane Eyre, and the way the reader perceives contemporary society to be. One can perhaps ascertain that society has advanced progressively since the Victorian Era, in the way that issues such as social divide and equality have been addressed and are continuously being resolved.

The New Economy versus the Old Economy

The rise of new technology has transformed every aspect of our lives. Some on the new technology are so useful that we would not imagine our lives without them. The internet is one of these inventions, the fact that they offer cheapness and urgent passing of information is of great importance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The New Economy versus the Old Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Almost all sectors of the economy have incorporated the internet. In the field of business ,internet has established some networks like E-commerce and E-business, which are proving to be very important in the running of the business. The combination of all this system is what has led to the rise of new economy. New economy and old economy are two concepts used in description of how the economy operates. While old economy can be described as an economy whose infrastructures are based on manufacturing and industria lization, the new economy is characterized with having services and technology. The two concepts of the economy base their difference on the approach they have in carrying out business operation. However, notable between the two is the fact that the old economy existed before the new economy. Old economy can be traced its roots from the industrial revolution when production of goods was changing from production into small quantities to mass production. The new economy has enjoyed its rise from evolution of the old technology and the development of skills that formed the bases of new technology (Lowson, 2002). New technology is characterized by recent productivity, inflation, and unemployment gains, which are results of new economy forces, and include technology, globalization, and increased competitive pressures. There are two interpretations to how the economy operates. Moderate interpretation is one of them; it proposes that these forces contributing to economic gains are doing it in a way that they are consistent with conventional economic theory. New economy extremists on the other hand urge out that something more profound has happened and that the structure of the economy has changed and new set of roles have now been set.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two sets of school of thoughts cannot be refuted since they have truths in them. To start with, the moderate’s arguments are evident because the U.S productivity has been revived due to information technology (Siebert, 2002). Similarly, inflation and unemployment has improved due to due to technology, globalization, and increased competitiveness. The thought that the economy has experienced deeper changes is also true; some are even urging that the Philip curve has been rendered obsolete due to global competition. The moderate thought mostly supported by economist is the one w hich is carrying much weight since it links technology, globalization, and competition with traditional theories. However, the thought that radical changes have taken place is also true; the problem is that we may not have reached some extremes in technology (Siebert, 2002). New economy has come up as a result of revolution on the old economy that has been in existence from the industrial revolutions times. The main aspect that are contained in the new economy is having information technology taking control in business world. The resultant of this is what is known as E-business, which has led to different definitions of organization. Complex business networks have been established along with the value chain and they are being defined by the ability to gets products to the market with the greatest customers with the least cost and at a fast speed. The main components that makeup E-business is having an I.T infrastructure for communication, the services and the products that are being put in the market (Burn, 2002). The two types of economy have various distinctions that make them unique from each other. To start with, the old economy a simple formula was what was needed to make a product, where else the new economy embraces use of intangibles like branding to add value to a product. On the other hand, one would measure the value that he has increased to a product in the old economy, which is not the case in the new economy because the value added is not measurable. The value of the product dependent on the scarcity of the product in question in the Old economy, however, for the new economy this is not the case as the value of the product is dependent on wide uses of the products. Proximity to the users of a product was important in the old economy, which is not the case in the new economy since the market is so diverse and globalized (Pollacco, 2001). There has been changes in existing trends that are being brought about by the new economy. To start with, there has been a shift from manufacturing production and has been replaced by provision of services. Employments in the manufacturing sectors have decreased in the last few years. Counter to this, service industry and tourism industry have increased greater in the last few years. There has also been improvement in the upgrading of skills as well as gender balancing in regard to labor provision.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The New Economy versus the Old Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The illiteracy levels are getting eliminated through education and more and more students are getting enrolled in higher institutions (Pollacco, 2001). Another trend has been that there is a major shift from domestic competition to an international one. The issue of globalization has widened the market from the local level to a global one. The policies that the governments are adopting have also change in past decad es, the governments used to have the policy of import substitution. The importance of this policy was that it helped out in industrialization, since technology wise we are past that era, abolishing these policies has taken place to embrace a greater market. Protectionism is another policy that is been campaigned against, though some firms are still using them. Having a globalized market has not only brought about efficiency but also increased the growth domestic product among different markets. Customers are getting a wider market while producers are able to move their products freely. However, it is notable that as much as there are many benefits that are brought about by the new technology, there are other people who are losing (Fitzsimmons 2011). The new economy will come with various implications in the economy. To start with, new economy requires subordination from manufacturing to service oriented mode. Abolishing of the previous structure is needed and incorporation of a new structure of E- business. New economy has a great support on the profit motive of the organization. However, it assumes that other motives that affect behaviors like religion are put aside and what man seeks to achieve is happiness and satisfaction through material items (Fitzsimmons 2011). New technology has great praise in capitalist free market in comparison to communist market. New technology has also redefined the role of the military. Previously, the military in the U.S had the role of maintaining the liberty and protection against attacks, lately this has changed to a scenario where the military is protecting big businesses and are mostly placed in areas where there are United States economic interests (Droke, 2000). There are various question that have come up with introduction of the new economy, among them is how long we are going to supplement physical production to rely on an electric-based economy. It is therefore necessary to keep in mind the importance of having the p roducts that we use daily still in production as well as having the services in place. Surely, the future is unknown: it is therefore important to put into consideration that a balance needs to be achieved in having both the old and new technology in our lives today.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Burn J, P. M. (2002). e-Business strategies for virtual organizations. Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann. Droke, C. (2000, March 16). New vs Old economy. Retrieved from https://www.gold-eagle.com/article/new-economy-vs-old-economy Fitzsimmons, James A. Fitzsimmons, Mona J. (2011). Service Management: Operations, strategy, and information technology. Boston. McGraw-Hill Companies. Lowson, R. H. ( 2002). Strategic operations management: the new competitive advantage. New York: Routledge. Pollacco, J. (2001, February 6). Old economy vs new economy. Web. Siebert, H. (2002). Economic policy issues of the new economy. Berlin: Springer. This research paper on The New Economy versus the Old Economy was written and submitted by user Deac0nFr0st to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Invention of the Saddle Stirrup

The Invention of the Saddle Stirrup It seems like such a simple idea. Why not add two pieces to the saddle, hanging down on either side, for your feet to rest in while you ride a horse? After all, humans seem to have domesticated the horse around 4500 BCE. The saddle was invented at least as early as 800 BCE, yet the first proper stirrup probably came about roughly 1,000 years later, around 200-300 CE. Nobody knows who first invented the stirrup, or even in which part of Asia the inventor lived. Indeed, this is a highly controversial topic among scholars of horsemanship, ancient and medieval warfare, and the history of technology. Although ordinary people likely do not rank the stirrup as one of historys greatest inventions, up there with paper, gunpowder and pre-sliced bread, military historians consider it a truly key development in the arts of war and conquest. Was the stirrup invented once, with the technology then spreading to riders everywhere? Or did riders in different areas come up with the idea independently? In either case, when did this happen? Unfortunately, since early stirrups were likely made of biodegradable materials such as leather, bone, and wood, we may never have precise answers to these questions. First Known Examples of Stirrups So what do we know? Ancient Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huangdis terracotta army (c. 210 BCE) includes a number of horses, but their saddles do not have stirrups. In sculptures from ancient India, c. 200 BCE, bare-footed riders use big-toe stirrups. These early stirrups consisted simply of a small loop of leather, in which the rider could brace each big toe to provide a bit of stability. Suitable for riders in hot climates, however, the big-toe stirrup would have been no use for booted riders in the steppes of Central Asia or western China. Interestingly, there is also a small Kushan engraving in carnelian that shows a rider using hook-style or platform stirrups; these are L-shaped pieces of wood or horn that do not encircle the foot like modern stirrups, but rather provide a sort of foot-rest. This intriguing engraving seems to indicate that Central Asian riders may have been using stirrups circa 100 CE, but it is the only known depiction of that region, so more evidence is needed to conclude that stirrups were indeed in use in Central Asia from such an early age. Modern-style Stirrups The earliest known representation of modern-style enclosed stirrups comes from a ceramic horse figurine that was buried in a First Jin Dynasty Chinese tomb near Nanjing in 322 CE. The stirrups are triangular in shape and appear on both sides of the horse, but since this is a stylized figure, it is impossible to determine other details about the construction of the stirrups. Fortunately, a grave near Anyang, China from approximately the same date yielded an actual example of a stirrup. The deceased was buried with full equipage for a horse, including a gold-plated bronze stirrup, which was circular in shape. Yet another tomb from the Jin era in China also contained a truly unique pair of stirrups. These are more triangular in shape, made of leather bound around a wooden core, then covered with lacquer. The stirrups were then painted with clouds in red. This decorative motif brings to mind the Heavenly Horse design found later in both China and Korea. The first stirrups for which we have a direct date are from the tomb of Feng Sufu, who died in 415 CE. He was a prince of Northern Yan, just north of the Koguryeo Kingdom of Korea. Fengs stirrups are quite complex. The rounded top of each stirrup was made from a bent piece of mulberry wood, which was covered with gilded bronze sheets on the outer surfaces, and iron plates covered with lacquer on the inside, where Fengs feet would have gone. These stirrups are of typical Koguryeo Korean design. Fifth-century tumuli from Korea proper also yield stirrups, including those at Pokchong-dong and Pan-gyeje. They also appear in wall murals and figurines from the Koguryeo and Silla dynasties. Japan also adopted the stirrup in the fifth century, according to tomb art. By the eighth century, the Nara period, Japanese stirrups were open-sided cups rather than rings, designed to prevent the riders feet from becoming entangled if he or she fell off (or was shot off) of the horse. Stirrups Reach Europe Meanwhile, European riders made do without stirrups until the eighth century. The introduction of this idea (which earlier generations of European historians credited to the Franks, rather than Asia), allowed for the development of heavy cavalry. Without the stirrups, European knights could not have gotten onto their horses wearing heavy armor, nor could they have jousted. Indeed, the Middle Ages in Europe would have been quite different without this simple little Asian invention. Remaining Questions: So where does this leave us? So many questions and previous assumptions remain up in the air, given this somewhat scanty evidence. How did the Parthians of ancient Persia (247 BCE - 224 CE) turn in their saddles and fire off a parthian (parting) shot from their bows, if they did not have stirrups? (Evidently, they used highly arched saddles for extra stability, but this still seems incredible.) Did Attila the Hun really introduce the stirrup into Europe? Or were the Huns able to strike fear into the hearts of all Eurasia with their horsemanship and shooting skills, even while riding without stirrups? There is no evidence that the Huns actually used this technology. Did ancient trade routes, now little remembered, ensure that this technology spread rapidly across Central Asia and into the Middle East? Did new refinements and innovations in stirrup design wash back and forth between Persia, India, China and even Japan, or was this a secret that only gradually infiltrated Eurasian culture? Until new evidence is unearthed, we will simply have to wonder. Sources Azzaroli, Augusto. An Early History of Horsemanship, Leiden: E.J. Brill Company, 1985.Chamberlin, J. Edward. Horse: How the Horse Has Shaped Civilizations, Random House Digital, 2007.Dien, Albert E. The Stirrup and Its Effect on Chinese Military History, Ars Orientalis, Vol 16 (1986), 33-56.Sinor, Denis. The Inner Asian Warriors, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 101, No. 2 (Apr. - June, 1983), 133-144.

Informative speech Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative speech - Assignment Example Among the Chinese festivals is the annual Chinese traditional New Year’s party. The Chinese New Year is an important festival for the Chinese people all over the world. The Spring Festival is also used to refer to Chinese New Year. There is no set date when the Chinese New year specifically happens, and the festivals fall on a diverse date each particular year. However, the festival normally falls either in January or February. The Chinese New Year festival is celebrated for a period of up to 15 days (Jango-Cohen 8). During the night New Year festivities, a family reunion dinner is usually held. All family members are required to attend the reunion dinner. On the day of the festival, children wish good luck to their parents and in return they are given red packets that contain money. In addition, any unmarried member of the family is required to receive a red packet from every married member in the family. When the ninth day of the ceremony sets in, a traditional offering is offered to the Jade Emperor believed to be in heaven. A typical Chinese New Year is marked with firecrackers (Chey 149, 150). In any Chinese New Year festivities, firecrackers are a vital ingredient. During the festivities everywhere in China and the rest of the world where the celebrations are taking place fireworks explode. Fireworks mark an important cultural belief among the Chinese people. The significant of the fireworks in the Chinese New Year celebration is to scare any bad luck away from the New Year (Gleason 4). Food serves as a central component of most of the Chinese festivals and rituals of a social interaction. Visiting friends and family during the festival are required to bring gifts of food to the host’s family home. This serve as a reaffirmation of the good relationship of the families’ involved. Fundraising can be held during the Chinese New year to support a course that benefits the community. The Chinese Buddhist Universal church was

Reaction response 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction response 6 - Assignment Example Instagram encourages user engagement in the process. Compared with Facebook and twitter, Instagram allows the targeted audience to develop the necessary image because it employs the use of photos. People find reading boring, but the use of photos increase the rate of information transfer by allowing the audience to scheme through the photo provided. In addition, photos can be edited in Instagram thereby improving the quality. It can be used to offer better image of a product or service offered by the company, but target a smaller audience than Facebook. Sharing of photos and information on Facebook is challenging when restriction is required. In fact, Facebook shares the information with all the friends in the list. Instagram allows the user to identify the people to access thus limit access to the picture or information shared. Therefore, when targeting a small audience, Instagram will ensure fast information transfer while allowing the participants to offer their views on the idea presented. In conclusion, Instagram is highly effective when handling a smaller target group and is supported by

The Role Of God In Rene Descartes Meditations

The Role Of God In Rene Descartes Meditations In this essay I am going to argue that God plays a significant role in Renà © Descartes Meditations, as he argues for Gods existence using different arguments, however I find him to be incorrect in his conclusions, and I find he is not entitled to appeal to Gods existence in this way, and all of his arguments are either fallacious or unsound. In his meditations discuss his thoughts concerning the human mind body, true false, the essence and existence of material things and the real distinction between mind and body. As I previously said, God plays a significant role to Descartes Meditations, including the proof of Gods existence. Descartes goes through numerous proofs of Gods existence through-out his Meditations, starting in Meditation 3 and continuing onto the end. This is the first role God plays in Descartes system as it is like a building block, an essential part of the structure of the system, as he uses the idea of God (specifically a non-deceiving God) to prove conclusions and dispel any other doubts he may have. He dispels the evil-demon doubt through the proof that a benevolent God exists. He also uses God within the clear and distinct perception proof. In Meditation three Descartes states that there are three types of ideas: innate, factitious or adventitious. Innate ideas are ideas built into our minds from birth, factitious ideas are invented ideas we have produced from our imagination and adventitious ideas are from experience in the outside world. Descartes argues that God cannot be a factitious or adventitious idea and the idea of God must be built into our minds from birth: I did not derive it from the senses, nor did it ever arrive unexpectedly as the ideas of sensible things usually do when external objects impinge, or seem to impinge, on the sense organs. Nor was it fabricated by me, for it is clear that I can neither add to it nor subtract from it. Thus it follows that it is innate in me, just as the idea of myself is innate in meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.This is the artisans trademark imprinted on his work. (Med 3, p42-43) Along with these three types of ideas, you have varieties of idea: substances (persisting particulars), and modes and accidents (properties of substances). Substances can be either finite or infinite substances. Here is his first argument for the existence of God, his causal argument. Here he implies that whatever is possessed by an effect must have been given it to by its cause. For example, a rock cannot be produced by anything with less formal reality (such as a property like a colour), or a pot of water is heated up until it boils, it must have been subjected to heat from some cause that had at least as much heat. Moreover, something that does not have as much heat would not be able to cause the water to boil, because it doesnt have the necessary reality to bring about the effect something cannot give what it does not have. Now, it is evident by the natural light of reason that there must be as much reality in an efficient and total cause as in the effect of that cause. For I ask: where could the effect get its reality from, apart from its cause? Something which is more perfect in other words, that which contains more reality in itself cannot be made from that which is less perfect. (Med 3, P35) Descartes second argumentative question concerning God was could one exist in the absence of God? By the third meditation the meditator has established he exists, and therefore this existence must have a cause. The only possible cause for existence has to be one of the following: from himself, having always been in existence, his parents, something less perfect than God or God. Firstly the cause cannot be from oneself, as he would have been created perfect; assuming to have been in existence always also does not help as what keeps him in existence? As a dependent being, there is a need to be sustained by another. It cannot be from parents, as this would lead to an infinite regress (who caused and maintains there existence?), and it cannot be caused by a being less perfect than God as the idea of perfection that exists cannot have originated from an imperfect being, therefore God is the cause, and God exists. Descartes discussed the ontological argument for Gods existence. The meditator states that the idea of God, the essence, has a necessary connection to the idea of existence. Take an example the connection between mountains and valleys; if there were no mountains, there wouldnt be any valleys, and all land would be flat. Descartes claimed it is impossible for us to conceive of existence without conceiving there is a God, just as it is impossible for us to conceive a valley without a mountain. As previously stated, the proofs of Gods existence played an essential role in Descartes system, as he had established that he was created by an all-powerful, non-deceiving God, Descartes could then place a great deal of trust in his cognitive abilities. Meditation Six gives a clear example of this in its discussion of the mind and of the body. In Meditation Three, Descartes idea of clear and distinct The key part to Descartes system however is the Clear and Distinct Rule: Everything that I perceive very clearly and distinctly is true. To prove that what we see clearly and distinctly to be true is essential to establish a foundation to build upon. He proves both that God exists through the use of Clear and Distinct perceptions, and he proves that clear and distinct perceptions are true because of the existence of God. This argument can be represented in the following structure: P1) If God exists, then he is no deceiver P2) If God is no deceiver, then all I clearly distinctly perceive will be true P3) God exists __________________ C1) All I clearly distinctly perceive is true P1) All I clearly distinctly perceive is true P2) I clearly distinctly perceive the idea of God P3) The idea of God is true _________________ C1) God exists These two arguments create the Cartesian Circle, from which the conclusion of one argument exists as a premise in the other, and vice versa. He begs the question here, assuming the conclusion he is arguing for in both arguments. Throughout the Meditations God play an important role for Descartes and his system, however I do not believe he is entitled to appeal to Gods existence in this way. All of Descartes arguments for the existence of God- the ontological argument, causal argument, and the trademark argument are not convincing alone. The use of God in his defining of clear and distinct perceptions also falls short. At the time of publication, there were many objections raised to some of his meditative conclusions and, understandably at the time to disprove or argue against the existence of God would be considered heresy by the Catholic Church, however the proofs for the existence of God Descartes argues I find unsound. Firstly the ontological argument for the existence of God is a priori proof, which is independent of experience, and states that if we can imagine a perfect being he must exist. God could not be perfect without existence as existence is stated as a property of perfection. So therefore a perfect being/God must exist. This argument commits a bare assertion fallacy. It does not give any backup premise to prove what it is stating and it relies on us just believing what it is saying. You cannot define or imagine a thing into existence. The ontological argument states that if we can imagine a perfect being he must exist, however it generalizes that all people will have the same the idea of a perfect being/God, however as different cultures have different ideas of God, even people within one culture will have different ideas of perfection and different ideas of a perfect God. Therefore either the complete plethora of Perfect Gods is true and exists, or Descartes argument is unsound. We also cannot guarantee that our human perception of perfection is, in fact perfect. Our own conceptions of perfection are through our subjective experience; therefore the ideas of perfection are an expansion of own thoughts and collective ideas. The causal argument for the existence of God appears in Meditation Three. It states that everything must have a cause, and it is impossible to continue backwards to infinity with causes (infinite regress), therefore there must have been an original first cause, one which wasnt conditioned by a previous cause, and such a cause is God. The causal argument is flawed in that if you allow one thing to exist without a cause, you contradict your own premise. To say then that the idea of an all-perfect God must come from an all-perfect cause can be argued against. We can take the idea of goodness, intelligence, and kindness and amplify it, similarly to how we reach the idea of mathematical infinity. The concept of spontaneous generation also argues against the causal principle, where we can imagine the idea of life emerging from a non-living and non-sentient basis. The trademark argument states that the idea of God is innate, and built into us from birth, as that is God leaving his trademark on us. I strongly disagree with this argument. The idea of God is not innate, it is indirectly an adventitious idea, and idea through experience. This experience however is provided through teaching and influence. The idea of God for all beings, at the time of Descartes specifically, were brought up religious and instilled with the idea of God. This is again reflected on the fact that there are different Gods from different cultures and civilizations. The Romans, the Greeks, the Vikings etc., all had different distinct Gods, the ideas of which were instilled to them again through teachings and influence.

European History Essay

The way the eastern civilization would live is how people dream of living today. The eastern peoples put others above themselves. The way the western civilization used to live is how we live today: caring about ourselves for the most part. Even though the eastern side of living is how most people wanted to live, there are some positive characteristics of the western side that are worth incorporating. A common problem today is that we don’t think. A trait of eastern culture is the being contemplative. There are countless problems that could be avoided if thought would have gone into the situation. Life is a strategy that is filled with decisions. It is inevitable that mistakes will be made, but there will be less if you think before you act. In life there are always consequences for your actions. What most people don’t realize is that there can be positive consequences. This is something that the western civilization honored; the rewards or the positive consequences of the life they lived. Having the good things in your life isn’t as rewarding as working for the grand prize. Towards the end of your life, what will you have that reflects what you work for? In the eastern civilization, working with less is held high in standards. As the years go by, people always want more and more but is it really necessary? For example, heated seats and electronic windows are nice in our vehicles but we don’t actually need them. The eastern peoples learned to work with what they were given, even if it was less than what they wanted. Technology is taking over the world. With this new interference with human life, the beautiful art of work will soon be forgotten. There are amazing things that humans can do as long as they work for it. The western civilization figured this out and put activity high on the list of standards. Life is short and there may be things that we miss if we don’t work to see what it has in store for us. Both the eastern and western civilization contain characteristics that would benefit the human race. A mixture of the two would be a perfect way to live. Placing others higher in value than yourself is a trait that isn’t common in the world today. Even though, putting others first is something great, you need to think about yourself too. You only have one life and one chance to make it the best. Do what makes you happy and you will see that others will come with you.

Importance of Political Socialization

There are many ways that our ideas are shaped and influenced as we grow up. This process by which we develop certain ways of thinking is called political socialization. There are three main influences which change and shape us being, the family, the mass media, and formal education. The family definitely has the greatest impact on us as we grow. This is primarily because ever since the beginning of childhood we are exposed to the ideas of our parents. Their ideas are the ideas that young children learn, and soon begin to form these ideas are their own. The saying that â€Å"You never get a second chance to make a first impression† holds true here in that this is what first the child is exposed to, and it is hard to get people to change from their original ideas of politics, or anything for that matter. In 1965 Jennings and Niemi selected a sample of high school seniors throughout the country and found that 58.9% of them had chosen the same party as their parents. Another influence on how people are shaped is the Mass Media. Today more and more people are spending more and more time watching television. The average grade school student spends more time watching tv than he or she does at school. The media has been called the â€Å"new parent† by some. However, the programs that would influence political opinion the most, such as the news, are rarely watched by the youth of today. The final major influence of people political socialization is their formal education or school. Countries have historically had government classes in their schools to â€Å"preach† the goodness of their particular type of government. For example, American children have been taught the virtues of capitalism and democracy for years. In Germany, during the Nazi era, children were taught how murders could be justified in certain situations. There are certain types of ways used to measure the public's opinion once they have been formed. There are usually samples that are performed instead of complete polls because it can save a lot of time. Scientific sampling is polling random people to form the general opinion of many people. In closing, it is evident by reading above that people today are influenced by the Mass Media, schools, and probably most importantly, families. Importance of Political Socialization There are many ways that our ideas are shaped and influenced as we grow up. This process by which we develop certain ways of thinking is called political socialization. There are three main influences which change and shape us being, the family, the mass media, and formal education. The family definitely has the greatest impact on us as we grow. This is primarily because ever since the beginning of childhood we are exposed to the ideas of our parents. Their ideas are the ideas that young children learn, and soon begin to form these ideas are their own. The saying that â€Å"You never get a second chance to make a first impression† holds true here in that this is what first the child is exposed to, and it is hard to get people to change from their original ideas of politics, or anything for that matter. In 1965 Jennings and Niemi selected a sample of high school seniors throughout the country and found that 58.9% of them had chosen the same party as their parents. Another influence on how people are shaped is the Mass Media. Today more and more people are spending more and more time watching television. The average grade school student spends more time watching tv than he or she does at school. The media has been called the â€Å"new parent† by some. However, the programs that would influence political opinion the most, such as the news, are rarely watched by the youth of today. The final major influence of people political socialization is their formal education or school. Countries have historically had government classes in their schools to â€Å"preach† the goodness of their particular type of government. For example, American children have been taught the virtues of capitalism and democracy for years. In Germany, during the Nazi era, children were taught how murders could be justified in certain situations. There are certain types of ways used to measure the public's opinion once they have been formed. There are usually samples that are performed instead of complete polls because it can save a lot of time. Scientific sampling is polling random people to form the general opinion of many people. In closing, it is evident by reading above that people today are influenced by the Mass Media, schools, and probably most importantly, families.

Habitat Conservation Plan to Save Endangered Species in San Bruno Mountain Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The establishment of the San Bruno Mountain Habitat Conservation Plan was surrounded by several controversies especially based on the involvement of many parties. The San Mateo County supervisor Bacciocco spearheaded the negotiation process by bringing the parties together. However due to the varied interest, the challenge was enormous. Before the negotiations, environmentalists had formed a committee that would see the proposed developments were halted. This committee was made up of the Loma Prieta, Committee for Green Foothills (CGF) and the National Audubon Society. Other interested parties comprised of the major developer, Vasitacion Associates who had brought their bulldozers ready for the project. On the other hand, the USFWS were interested in having the endangered species within the San Bruno Mountains protected. Despite the hurdles in reaching the agreement, it came into force. Only 10% of the habitat was approved for development, the rest was converted to city-owned parkland. Though the entire remaining zone is not all occupied by butterflies, it contains lupine and gorse, which are used by butterflies as food. The HCP provides for minimal disturbance to the butterflies by ensuring that grading and construction is restricted. We will write a custom essay sample on Habitat Conservation Plan to Save Endangered Species in San Bruno Mountain or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Though the enhancement of the habitat is provided in the HCP, very little success has been evident. Under the implementation by the Thomas Reid associates, the HCP requires that additional research be implemented as well as monitoring be done. The organization is obliged to submit annual monitoring reports to the USFWS. However, the challenge arises from the non-specificity of the provision of the HCP in that it does not provide for the type of research that ought to be conducted neither does it provide for the specific enhancement strategies that ought to be developed. The implementation of the San Bruno HCP has faced successes and challenges alike. The initial agreement has been altered as a result of questions being raised concerning the ecological viability of the plan.